The dental pulp, a vital component of each tooth, is the soft tissue situated at the tooth's core. It encompasses blood vessels, nerves, and connective fibers. Above the gumline, the pulp is shielded by a layer of resilient dentin, which, in turn, is protected by the even harder enamel. Below the gumline, the pulp extends into narrow canals within the tooth's roots. When the pulp becomes infected or diseased, it may require a specialized dental procedure known as root canal therapy, commonly referred to as a root canal.
Periapical periodontitis, also known as apical periodontitis, AP, or periradicular periodontitis, is a condition characterized by an acute or chronic inflammatory les